Construction laborer salary in Mississippi
Median $18.13 an hour for 8,800 construction laborers, May 2025, with the union scale by county, the job trend since 1999 and the state's own outlook.
Construction laborer pay in Mississippi: the full range
Mississippi ranks 49th of 51 states for median construction laborer pay, and 43rd once adjusted for cost of living (the cost-of-living-adjusted median is $20.84). 8,800 construction laborers work in the state. The top 10% earn 1.8× what the bottom 10% earn.
| Career stage (approximate) | Hourly | Annual | Where it sits in the distribution |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apprentice / entry level | $14.12 – $16.25 | $29,370 – $33,790 | roughly the 10th to 25th percentile |
| Journeyman | $16.25 – $22.01 | $33,790 – $45,790 | the middle half, around the median |
| Master, foreman or specialist | $22.01 – $25.31 | $45,790 – $52,640 | the 75th to 90th percentile and above |
Where does your pay fall?
Construction laborer pay by metro in Mississippi
| Metro | 10th | Median $/hr | Cost-of-living adjusted | 90th | Jobs | vs state |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Memphis | $16.81 | $21.54 | $23.36 | $31.13 | 3,940 | 19% above |
| Gulfport | $14.24 | $18.69 | $20.77 | $28.08 | 1,090 | 3% above |
| Jackson | $14.50 | $18.20 | $20.45 | $23.72 | 2,020 | about the same as |
| Hattiesburg | $13.54 | $17.17 | $19.60 | $22.68 | 420 | 5% below |
Cost-of-living adjusted: median divided by the BEA regional price parity for the metro (2024, US = 100).
Construction laborer wages in Mississippi over time
Table
| Year | Mississippi $/hr | In 2025 $ | US $/hr | Jobs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1999 | $8.10 | $15.65 | $10.85 | 7,660 |
| 2000 | $8.82 | $16.49 | $11.15 | 7,280 |
| 2001 | $9.27 | $16.85 | $11.57 | 6,560 |
| 2002 | $9.35 | $16.73 | $11.90 | 6,880 |
| 2003 | $9.36 | $16.38 | $11.86 | 6,470 |
| 2004 | $9.31 | $15.87 | $12.10 | 6,050 |
| 2005 | $9.31 | $15.35 | $12.22 | 6,580 |
| 2006 | $9.75 | $15.57 | $12.66 | 7,330 |
| 2007 | $10.35 | $16.07 | $13.13 | 6,900 |
| 2008 | $11.11 | $16.61 | $13.71 | 7,750 |
| 2009 | $11.10 | $16.66 | $14.01 | 6,590 |
| 2010 | $11.34 | $16.74 | $14.08 | 7,010 |
| 2011 | $11.35 | $16.24 | $14.30 | 7,320 |
| 2012 | $11.62 | $16.29 | $14.42 | 7,740 |
| 2013 | $11.88 | $16.42 | $14.64 | 7,990 |
| 2014 | $11.99 | $16.31 | $14.95 | 7,350 |
| 2015 | $12.73 | $17.29 | $15.34 | 7,110 |
| 2016 | $13.18 | $17.68 | $16.07 | 6,380 |
| 2017 | $13.57 | $17.82 | $16.60 | 7,180 |
| 2018 | $13.81 | $17.71 | $17.21 | 8,010 |
| 2019 | $14.00 | $17.63 | $17.72 | 8,710 |
| 2020 | $14.48 | $18.01 | $18.22 | 9,110 |
| 2021 | $14.31 | $17.00 | $18.16 | 7,840 |
| 2022 | $15.61 | $17.17 | $19.59 | 7,380 |
| 2023 | $17.14 | $18.11 | $21.78 | 7,500 |
| 2024 | $17.88 | $18.35 | $22.47 | 8,260 |
| 2025 | $18.13 | $18.13 | $22.66 | 8,800 |
In today's dollars, the median construction laborer wage in Mississippi changed by +4.9% over the last ten years of data and by +2.8% since 2019.
Are there more construction laborer jobs in Mississippi?
Since 1999, the number of construction laborers counted in Mississippi has changed by +14.9%, against +43.7% for the country as a whole. Since 2019 the state count changed by +1.0%.
Table
| Year | Mississippi jobs | Mississippi index | US index |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1999 | 7,660 | 100 | 100 |
| 2000 | 7,280 | 95 | 108 |
| 2001 | 6,560 | 86 | 108 |
| 2002 | 6,880 | 90 | 109 |
| 2003 | 6,470 | 84 | 110 |
| 2004 | 6,050 | 79 | 112 |
| 2005 | 6,580 | 86 | 122 |
| 2006 | 7,330 | 96 | 133 |
| 2007 | 6,900 | 90 | 138 |
| 2008 | 7,750 | 101 | 134 |
| 2009 | 6,590 | 86 | 112 |
| 2010 | 7,010 | 92 | 102 |
| 2011 | 7,320 | 96 | 102 |
| 2012 | 7,740 | 101 | 107 |
| 2013 | 7,990 | 104 | 108 |
| 2014 | 7,350 | 96 | 112 |
| 2015 | 7,110 | 93 | 116 |
| 2016 | 6,380 | 83 | 120 |
| 2017 | 7,180 | 94 | 126 |
| 2018 | 8,010 | 105 | 131 |
| 2019 | 8,710 | 114 | 134 |
| 2020 | 9,110 | 119 | 127 |
| 2021 | 7,840 | 102 | 127 |
| 2022 | 7,380 | 96 | 133 |
| 2023 | 7,500 | 98 | 134 |
| 2024 | 8,260 | 108 | 138 |
| 2025 | 8,800 | 115 | 144 |
Job counts are BLS OEWS survey estimates built from three years of samples, so moves of a few percent from one year to the next are within the survey's margin. Self-employed tradespeople are not counted. Areas with fewer than 3,000 jobs or a large sampling error are shown as a single figure rather than a trend.
Outlook for construction laborers in Mississippi
Mississippi's labor market agency projects the number of construction laborers in the state to change by +9.7% between 2024 and 2034, from 11,400 to 12,500, with about 1,050 openings a year. Nationally, BLS projects +7.3% over 2025-35. State counts include the self-employed, so the base is larger than the 8,800 counted by the BLS employer survey.
Source: Mississippi labor market information agency via Projections Central, 2024–2034 long-term projections (state projections page).
Union scale and prevailing wage for construction laborers in Mississippi
On federally funded construction in Mississippi, contractors must pay construction laborers at least the Davis-Bacon rate for the county. 0 of the 82 counties with a Building rate use a union contract rate (typical package — an hour including fringe); the rest use a survey rate (typical $11.36). 82 of the 82 counties still use a survey rate dated 2017 or earlier (for example Adams County at $11.95). The market median for the state is $18.13.
| County | Rate source | Base | Fringe | Total | Determination |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Itawamba | Survey SUMS2015-001 2017-04-03 | $12.83 | $0.77 | $13.60 | MS20260040 |
| Jackson | Survey SUMS2015-013 2017-04-03 | $13.57 | $0.00 | $13.57 | MS20260052 |
| Copiah | Survey SUMS2015-016 2017-04-03 | $11.61 | $1.88 | $13.49 | MS20260055 |
| Madison | Survey SUMS2015-016 2017-04-03 | $11.61 | $1.88 | $13.49 | MS20260055 |
| Simpson | Survey SUMS2015-016 2017-04-03 | $11.61 | $1.88 | $13.49 | MS20260055 |
| Lamar | Survey SUMS2015-017 2017-04-03 | $12.35 | $0.94 | $13.29 | MS20260056 |
| Perry | Survey SUMS2015-017 2017-04-03 | $12.35 | $0.94 | $13.29 | MS20260056 |
| Rankin | Survey SUMS2015-014 2017-04-03 | $11.57 | $1.59 | $13.16 | MS20260053 |
| Hinds | Survey SUMS2015-012 2017-04-03 | $12.95 | $0.00 | $12.95 | MS20260051 |
| Forrest | Survey SUMS2015-009 2017-04-03 | $12.53 | $0.00 | $12.53 | MS20260048 |
| Lafayette | Survey SUMS2015-002 2017-04-03 | $12.07 | $0.00 | $12.07 | MS20260041 |
| Benton | Survey SUMS2015-015 2017-04-03 | $12.00 | $0.00 | $12.00 | MS20260054 |
| DeSoto | Survey SUMS2015-015 2017-04-03 | $12.00 | $0.00 | $12.00 | MS20260054 |
| Marshall | Survey SUMS2015-015 2017-04-03 | $12.00 | $0.00 | $12.00 | MS20260054 |
| Tate | Survey SUMS2015-015 2017-04-03 | $12.00 | $0.00 | $12.00 | MS20260054 |
| Tunica | Survey SUMS2015-015 2017-04-03 | $12.00 | $0.00 | $12.00 | MS20260054 |
| Adams | Survey SUMS2015-005 2017-04-03 | $10.76 | $1.19 | $11.95 | MS20260044 |
| Amite | Survey SUMS2015-005 2017-04-03 | $10.76 | $1.19 | $11.95 | MS20260044 |
| Claiborne | Survey SUMS2015-005 2017-04-03 | $10.76 | $1.19 | $11.95 | MS20260044 |
| Covington | Survey SUMS2015-005 2017-04-03 | $10.76 | $1.19 | $11.95 | MS20260044 |
| Franklin | Survey SUMS2015-005 2017-04-03 | $10.76 | $1.19 | $11.95 | MS20260044 |
| Issaquena | Survey SUMS2015-005 2017-04-03 | $10.76 | $1.19 | $11.95 | MS20260044 |
| Jefferson | Survey SUMS2015-005 2017-04-03 | $10.76 | $1.19 | $11.95 | MS20260044 |
| Jefferson Davis | Survey SUMS2015-005 2017-04-03 | $10.76 | $1.19 | $11.95 | MS20260044 |
| Lawrence | Survey SUMS2015-005 2017-04-03 | $10.76 | $1.19 | $11.95 | MS20260044 |
| Lincoln | Survey SUMS2015-005 2017-04-03 | $10.76 | $1.19 | $11.95 | MS20260044 |
| Marion | Survey SUMS2015-005 2017-04-03 | $10.76 | $1.19 | $11.95 | MS20260044 |
| Pike | Survey SUMS2015-005 2017-04-03 | $10.76 | $1.19 | $11.95 | MS20260044 |
| Sharkey | Survey SUMS2015-005 2017-04-03 | $10.76 | $1.19 | $11.95 | MS20260044 |
| Walthall | Survey SUMS2015-005 2017-04-03 | $10.76 | $1.19 | $11.95 | MS20260044 |
| Warren | Survey SUMS2015-005 2017-04-03 | $10.76 | $1.19 | $11.95 | MS20260044 |
| Wilkinson | Survey SUMS2015-004 2017-04-03 | $10.76 | $1.19 | $11.95 | MS20260043 |
| Yazoo | Survey SUMS2015-005 2017-04-03 | $10.76 | $1.19 | $11.95 | MS20260044 |
| Alcorn | Survey SUMS2015-006 2017-04-03 | $11.36 | $0.00 | $11.36 | MS20260045 |
| Calhoun | Survey SUMS2015-006 2017-04-03 | $11.36 | $0.00 | $11.36 | MS20260045 |
| Chickasaw | Survey SUMS2015-006 2017-04-03 | $11.36 | $0.00 | $11.36 | MS20260045 |
| Choctaw | Survey SUMS2015-006 2017-04-03 | $11.36 | $0.00 | $11.36 | MS20260045 |
| Clay | Survey SUMS2015-006 2017-04-03 | $11.36 | $0.00 | $11.36 | MS20260045 |
| Lee | Survey SUMS2015-006 2017-04-03 | $11.36 | $0.00 | $11.36 | MS20260045 |
| Lowndes | Survey SUMS2015-006 2017-04-03 | $11.36 | $0.00 | $11.36 | MS20260045 |
| Monroe | Survey SUMS2015-006 2017-04-03 | $11.36 | $0.00 | $11.36 | MS20260045 |
| Noxubee | Survey SUMS2015-006 2017-04-03 | $11.36 | $0.00 | $11.36 | MS20260045 |
| Oktibbeha | Survey SUMS2015-006 2017-04-03 | $11.36 | $0.00 | $11.36 | MS20260045 |
| Pontotoc | Survey SUMS2015-006 2017-04-03 | $11.36 | $0.00 | $11.36 | MS20260045 |
| Prentiss | Survey SUMS2015-006 2017-04-03 | $11.36 | $0.00 | $11.36 | MS20260045 |
| Tippah | Survey SUMS2015-006 2017-04-03 | $11.36 | $0.00 | $11.36 | MS20260045 |
| Tishomingo | Survey SUMS2015-006 2017-04-03 | $11.36 | $0.00 | $11.36 | MS20260045 |
| Union | Survey SUMS2015-006 2017-04-03 | $11.36 | $0.00 | $11.36 | MS20260045 |
| Webster | Survey SUMS2015-006 2017-04-03 | $11.36 | $0.00 | $11.36 | MS20260045 |
| Winston | Survey SUMS2015-006 2017-04-03 | $11.36 | $0.00 | $11.36 | MS20260045 |
| Harrison | Survey SUMS2015-011 2017-04-03 | $10.91 | $0.00 | $10.91 | MS20260050 |
| Clarke | Survey SUMS2015-008 2017-04-03 | $9.00 | $1.88 | $10.88 | MS20260047 |
| George | Survey SUMS2015-008 2017-04-03 | $9.00 | $1.88 | $10.88 | MS20260047 |
| Greene | Survey SUMS2015-008 2017-04-03 | $9.00 | $1.88 | $10.88 | MS20260047 |
| Jasper | Survey SUMS2015-008 2017-04-03 | $9.00 | $1.88 | $10.88 | MS20260047 |
| Jones | Survey SUMS2015-008 2017-04-03 | $9.00 | $1.88 | $10.88 | MS20260047 |
| Kemper | Survey SUMS2015-008 2017-04-03 | $9.00 | $1.88 | $10.88 | MS20260047 |
| Lauderdale | Survey SUMS2015-008 2017-04-03 | $9.00 | $1.88 | $10.88 | MS20260047 |
| Leake | Survey SUMS2015-008 2017-04-03 | $9.00 | $1.88 | $10.88 | MS20260047 |
| Neshoba | Survey SUMS2015-008 2017-04-03 | $9.00 | $1.88 | $10.88 | MS20260047 |
| Newton | Survey SUMS2015-008 2017-04-03 | $9.00 | $1.88 | $10.88 | MS20260047 |
| Pearl River | Survey SUMS2015-008 2017-04-03 | $9.00 | $1.88 | $10.88 | MS20260047 |
| Scott | Survey SUMS2015-008 2017-04-03 | $9.00 | $1.88 | $10.88 | MS20260047 |
| Smith | Survey SUMS2015-003 2017-04-03 | $9.00 | $1.88 | $10.88 | MS20260042 |
| Stone | Survey SUMS2015-008 2017-04-03 | $9.00 | $1.88 | $10.88 | MS20260047 |
| Wayne | Survey SUMS2015-008 2017-04-03 | $9.00 | $1.88 | $10.88 | MS20260047 |
| Hancock | Survey SUMS2015-010 2017-04-03 | $10.56 | $0.00 | $10.56 | MS20260049 |
| Attala | Survey SUMS2015-007 2017-04-03 | $10.00 | $0.00 | $10.00 | MS20260046 |
| Bolivar | Survey SUMS2015-007 2017-04-03 | $10.00 | $0.00 | $10.00 | MS20260046 |
| Carroll | Survey SUMS2015-007 2017-04-03 | $10.00 | $0.00 | $10.00 | MS20260046 |
| Coahoma | Survey SUMS2015-007 2017-04-03 | $10.00 | $0.00 | $10.00 | MS20260046 |
| Grenada | Survey SUMS2015-007 2017-04-03 | $10.00 | $0.00 | $10.00 | MS20260046 |
| Holmes | Survey SUMS2015-007 2017-04-03 | $10.00 | $0.00 | $10.00 | MS20260046 |
| Humphreys | Survey SUMS2015-007 2017-04-03 | $10.00 | $0.00 | $10.00 | MS20260046 |
| Leflore | Survey SUMS2015-007 2017-04-03 | $10.00 | $0.00 | $10.00 | MS20260046 |
| Montgomery | Survey SUMS2015-007 2017-04-03 | $10.00 | $0.00 | $10.00 | MS20260046 |
| Panola | Survey SUMS2015-007 2017-04-03 | $10.00 | $0.00 | $10.00 | MS20260046 |
| Quitman | Survey SUMS2015-007 2017-04-03 | $10.00 | $0.00 | $10.00 | MS20260046 |
| Sunflower | Survey SUMS2015-007 2017-04-03 | $10.00 | $0.00 | $10.00 | MS20260046 |
| Tallahatchie | Survey SUMS2015-007 2017-04-03 | $10.00 | $0.00 | $10.00 | MS20260046 |
| Washington | Survey SUMS2015-007 2017-04-03 | $10.00 | $0.00 | $10.00 | MS20260046 |
| Yalobusha | Survey SUMS2015-007 2017-04-03 | $10.00 | $0.00 | $10.00 | MS20260046 |
Building construction type, current revisions as of 2026-11-13. Residential, Heavy and Highway rates differ; look them up on the Mississippi prevailing wage page. This is not the official wage determination.
Is construction work growing in Mississippi?
Contractor pay by county
Average pay at specialty trade contractors establishments by county (all employees, not just construction laborers), from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, 2025 annual averages. Across the 55 counties that report both years, specialty trade contractor employment (all trades) went from 21,883 in 2015 to 25,233 in 2025, +15.3%.
| County | Establishments | Employees | Average annual pay | Avg weekly wage |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tunica County | 6 | 62 | $87,142 | $1,676 |
| Neshoba County | 23 | 516 | $85,944 | $1,653 |
| Greene County | 6 | 60 | $82,741 | $1,591 |
| Marion County | 35 | 364 | $78,445 | $1,509 |
| Madison County | 196 | 1,494 | $74,410 | $1,431 |
| Hancock County | 49 | 425 | $72,537 | $1,395 |
| Lowndes County | 88 | 1,212 | $71,442 | $1,374 |
| George County | 24 | 150 | $71,249 | $1,370 |
| Attala County | 16 | 235 | $69,767 | $1,342 |
| DeSoto County | 204 | 1,895 | $69,197 | $1,331 |
| Yazoo County | 12 | 185 | $68,659 | $1,320 |
| Marshall County | 50 | 383 | $67,354 | $1,295 |
| Alcorn County | 28 | 244 | $67,234 | $1,293 |
| Rankin County | 352 | 2,852 | $65,647 | $1,262 |
| Forrest County | 84 | 956 | $65,276 | $1,255 |
| Jackson County | 154 | 1,623 | $65,025 | $1,250 |
| Simpson County | 37 | 377 | $63,353 | $1,218 |
| Hinds County | 235 | 2,351 | $63,250 | $1,216 |
| Lafayette County | 61 | 337 | $62,622 | $1,204 |
| Leflore County | 27 | 358 | $62,487 | $1,202 |
| Itawamba County | 19 | 323 | $62,209 | $1,196 |
| Copiah County | 25 | 169 | $61,977 | $1,192 |
| Panola County | 28 | 299 | $61,934 | $1,191 |
| Pearl River County | 64 | 284 | $61,874 | $1,190 |
| Monroe County | 40 | 437 | $61,034 | $1,174 |
| Scott County | 25 | 100 | $60,151 | $1,157 |
| Sunflower County | 19 | 172 | $60,137 | $1,156 |
| Tippah County | 18 | 125 | $59,978 | $1,153 |
| Warren County | 45 | 249 | $59,225 | $1,139 |
| Tate County | 28 | 131 | $58,152 | $1,118 |
| Harrison County | 268 | 2,165 | $57,994 | $1,115 |
| Holmes County | 5 | 18 | $57,550 | $1,107 |
| Coahoma County | 16 | 73 | $57,163 | $1,099 |
| Lauderdale County | 77 | 700 | $56,131 | $1,079 |
| Grenada County | 27 | 173 | $55,514 | $1,068 |
| Adams County | 26 | 160 | $54,895 | $1,056 |
| Montgomery County | 8 | 90 | $54,748 | $1,053 |
| Lee County | 97 | 909 | $54,663 | $1,051 |
| Jones County | 78 | 562 | $54,277 | $1,044 |
| Tishomingo County | 18 | 96 | $54,063 | $1,040 |
| Bolivar County | 22 | 160 | $53,541 | $1,030 |
| Stone County | 13 | 128 | $52,359 | $1,007 |
| Lamar County | 86 | 394 | $52,348 | $1,007 |
| Union County | 31 | 121 | $52,029 | $1,001 |
| Oktibbeha County | 40 | 300 | $51,985 | $1,000 |
| Franklin County | 4 | 11 | $51,923 | $999 |
| Lincoln County | 42 | 266 | $51,416 | $989 |
| Prentiss County | 40 | 167 | $50,328 | $968 |
| Chickasaw County | 13 | 107 | $50,159 | $965 |
| Washington County | 50 | 217 | $50,004 | $962 |
| Newton County | 20 | 99 | $49,978 | $961 |
| Winston County | 18 | 90 | $49,544 | $953 |
| Jasper County | 11 | 78 | $49,016 | $943 |
| Yalobusha County | 9 | 44 | $48,931 | $941 |
| Pontotoc County | 27 | 160 | $48,411 | $931 |
| Clarke County | 7 | 34 | $46,682 | $898 |
| Clay County | 23 | 111 | $45,714 | $879 |
| Choctaw County | 10 | 24 | $44,717 | $860 |
| Amite County | 15 | 47 | $42,813 | $823 |
| Pike County | 46 | 154 | $41,542 | $799 |
| Carroll County | 14 | 49 | $40,559 | $780 |
| Covington County | 22 | 41 | $38,076 | $732 |
| Smith County | 12 | 25 | $24,070 | $463 |
| Benton County | — | — | — | — |
| Calhoun County | — | — | — | — |
| Claiborne County | — | — | — | — |
| Humphreys County | — | — | — | — |
| Jefferson County | — | — | — | — |
| Jefferson Davis County | — | — | — | — |
| Kemper County | — | — | — | — |
| Lawrence County | — | — | — | — |
| Leake County | — | — | — | — |
| Noxubee County | — | — | — | — |
| Perry County | — | — | — | — |
| Quitman County | — | — | — | — |
| Sharkey County | — | — | — | — |
| Tallahatchie County | — | — | — | — |
| Walthall County | — | — | — | — |
| Wayne County | — | — | — | — |
| Webster County | — | — | — | — |
| Wilkinson County | — | — | — | — |
Keep comparing
Construction laborer pay in neighbouring states
Other trades in Mississippi
More on Mississippi
Questions this page answers
How much do construction laborers make in Mississippi?
The median construction laborer in Mississippi earned $18.13 an hour ($37,710 a year) in May 2025, 20% below the national median of $22.66. The middle half earn $16.25–$22.01; the top 10% earn more than $25.31.
Where does Mississippi rank for construction laborer pay?
Mississippi ranks 49th of 51 states for construction laborer pay, with a median of $18.13 an hour, and 43rd after adjusting for Mississippi's cost of living (BEA price parity 87.0, US = 100).
What is the union construction laborer rate in Mississippi?
Davis-Bacon determinations do not list a construction laborer classification for most Mississippi counties, or the trade is not covered; the BLS wage figures above are the best available measure.
How many construction laborers work in Mississippi?
BLS counted 8,800 construction laborers in Mississippi in May 2025, 7.6 per 1,000 jobs (location quotient 1.07; 1.0 is the national average concentration).
Is construction laborer work growing in Mississippi?
The BLS employer survey count of construction laborers in Mississippi went from 7,110 in 2015 to 8,800 in 2025, +23.8%, and +1.0% since 2019. Mississippi's labor market agency projects +9.7% growth for construction laborers between 2024 and 2034, from 11,400 to 12,500 jobs.
How many construction laborer openings a year are there in Mississippi?
Mississippi projects about 1,050 openings a year for construction laborers over 2024–2034, counting both new positions and replacements for people who retire or change occupation. Nationally BLS projects about 120,000 a year.
Sources and notes
- BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics, May 2025, Mississippi and metro areas, SOC 47-2061. Job counts are survey estimates and exclude the self-employed.
- BLS Current Employment Statistics, state construction employment through 2026-09.
- BLS Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, 2025 annual averages.
- BEA Regional Price Parities, 2024 (cost-of-living adjustment).
- SAM.gov Davis-Bacon wage determinations, current revisions as of 2026-11-13. Not the official determination.
- BLS Employment Projections, national, 2025-35.
- State projection: Mississippi labor market information agency via Projections Central, 2024–2034, fetched 2026-10-05.